Textile material containing organic derivatives of cellulose



Patented Aprfil, I938 um'rso Sm TEXTILE MATERIAL CONTAINING ORGANIC DERIVATIVES .OF

camms mum, New York, N. Y., and Herbert -Platt and Arthur Lyem, Cumberland, Md., as-

signors to Celanese Corp ration corporationoi Delaware of America. a

- No Drawing. Application october 16, 1935,.

- Serial No. 45,2 2;

9 Claims.

This invention relates to textile materials con- I talning organic derivatives of cellulose, an outstanding example of which is cellulose acetate.

and more particularly to textile materials con taining organic derivatives of cellulose that have a modified aflln ity for dyestuffs,

described with particular reference to cellulose acetate. Examples of other suitable organic de-' rivatives of cellulose are the other organic esters An object of.v the invention is the production oftextile materials containing an organic deriva- I tive of cellulose, such as'cellulose acetate, w ch 10 are resistant to dyes or resistant to dyes in at vention is the production of textile materials made wholly of organic derivatives of cellulose, which materials are adaptable to cross dyeing processes. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.

It is known that textile materials of organic derivatives of cellulose may be dyed only with certain dyestuffs which have an afllnity therefor, which dyestufis usually have no permanent coloring effect on cotton, 'wool and the like. It is also known that if the organic derivative of cellulose is'given a saponifying treatment. it may be dyed withdirect acid and neutral dyestuffs. the shade depending upon the degree of saponification, that is, the greater the degree of sapon'ification,, the deeper the color produced by the direct acid andneutral dyestuffs. The depth of color impartdby-dyestufls having affinity for normalorganic derivatives of cellulose is inversely proportional to the degree of saponificat'ion. Furthermore, it is known that ii the organic derivaive of cellulose is heavily weighted, especially him a compound 01' silicon is empioyedhit then has amnity for practically all coloring'materials We have now found that if 'thetextile material of organic'derivative of cellulose, is subjected to a I high temperature priorto treatin it with dyestuffs, it becomes resistant to the'dyestufl's.

In accordance with our invention.. we form least localized areas. A further object of the in- F of cellulose, such as cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, and the cellulose ethers, such as ethyl cellulose, methyl cellu- 5 lose and benzyl cellulose.

Thisinvention is applicable to textile materials, such as filaments'and yarns, or fabric made from the same,that contain an organicderivative of cellulose. In accordance with one form of our invention, the filaments may be treated-with heat prior to twisting them into yarns, or the yarns may be treated with heat prior to processing-them into a fabric: In another form of our invention the filaments containing an organic derivative of cellulose may be treated with heat after they have been formed into a fabric. In the latter modification, when applying the invention to fabrics containing filaments other tlfan those of an organic derivative of cellulose, the other fila- 20 ments or fibers are unaffected although they may receive the same heat treatment.

Any suitable means may be employed for heat treating'the textile materials in accordance with this invention. For example. the filaments, yarns or fabric'may be treated by passing them overa heated 'roller or they may be intermittently textile materials containing an organic derivative of cellulose and subject at least a part thereof to a high temperature, such as by contactin it with a hot iron,jwhereby the part subjected to the high temperature. has its ailinity for dyestufl's altered. Further, in accordance with our.

invention, we form textile materials containing an organic derivative of cellulosathenweight the I said material with a weighting compound to produce a material capable of being colored by any .5 type of dyestufl and then treat-this material with heat to make it resistant to all dyestuils. l Although this inventioniis applicable tothewproduction of textile materials containing any suit-, able organic derivative of cellulose, it will be treated during a winding operatidn by causing them to periodically contact with one or more heated rollers that may or may not be heated to 0 the same temperature. The. filaments, yarns or' fabrics may also be treated by passing them be.- tween nip rollers, at least one of which is maintained at an elevated temperature. Furthermore, the filaments, yarns or fabrics may be treated I over their entire area or merely in local areas by subiectingthem to ironing with a hand iron or by stamping designs and patterns thereon by means of a heated stamp. I

Fabrics, or warps to be formed into fabrics. may be treated on devices with heated elements to form designs thereon, which devices maybe similar to those used in printing, except that theelements contactingthe textile material are heated and do not necessarily carry a dyestufl or printing color. In the subsequent dyeing of the material the depth-of the shade produced by the dyestufl on each increment will-be inversely proportional to theamount of heat it receives.

I Fabric of an organic derivative of cellulose that has been weighted with a suitable weighting compound may be heated locally or over the'e'ntire area to produce a fabric, the afiinity of which for direct andneutraldyestufi decreases or disappears according to the heat received. The phenomenon is governed by the amount of heat, pressure and time of treatment. Thus by passing a weighted fabric of organic derivative of cellulose between nip rollers, one of which is engraved and heated, the design of the roller is produced on the fabric after said fabric is dyed. It is possible to create accurate photo-' 180 C. to 275 C., preferably about 220 C. When the textile materials are made of cellulose acetate containing from to 20%, based on the weight of cellulose acetate present, of a metallic weighting compound, such as that produced in the yarns by treating the same consecutively with stannic chloride, sodium biphosphate and sodium silicate, the temperatures may be increased, 1. e. to vary from 210 C. to 310 C. Any other suitable weighting compound or method of weighting may be employed. For instance, compounds containing antimony, lead, zinc, titanium, etc. may be employed. As the temperature employed in either of the above specified cases is above the melting point of the cellulose acetate, it is necessary that the period of treatment be relatively short, e. g. a period of sufliciently short duration to prevent a fusing together of the filaments of the material. The length of heat treatment when applied to textiles of weighted cellulose acetate need not be of as relatively a short duration as when treating normal cellulose acetate. Although the temperature prescribed for treating weighted textile materials is far above the melting point of cellulose acetate, there is no tendency of the material to coalesce, apparently due to the weighting substances contained therein. In the treatment of weighted cellulose acetate textile material, the same may be made totally resistant to all dyestuffs. By regulating the temperatu e to which the material is subjected and/or the uration of time during which the material is subjected to the heat treatment, the textile materials may be caused, in a. future dyeing operation, to take on any desired depth of shade. The depth of the color will be inversely proportional to the amount of heat applied.

The treatment of the textile materials is preferably carried out with the aid of dry heat, such as by contacting the textile material with a heated metallic element. Whendryheat is applied, as stated above, there is no appreciable change in the luster, appearance or hand of the textile material. However, this invention is not limited to the use of dry heat, and moisture may be present, for example, by treating dampened textile materials or applying steam or a wetting agent to the textile materials simultaneously with the heat.

As illustrations of our invention, and not as limitations, the following examples are given:

Example I is caused to contact with about half the periphery of a three inch roller heated to 220 C. The yarn thus treated when dyed in dye baths having amnity for normal cellulose acetate are, so to say, unaifected, i. e. it is not dyed or it is only slightly dyed by the dyestuif at the parts which have been heated.

Example II A fabric consisting of yarns of cellulose acetate which have been weighted with from to on the weight of the cellulose acetate of metallic weighting compound containing silicon, is passed between nip rollers, one of which is engraved with a design and heated to 810 C. The fabric is caused to travel between the nip rollers at a speed of about 15 meters per minute. The material is then subjected to a dyeing operation in a bath containing direct acid or neutral dyestuffs. That part of the fabric contacted by the raised heated design of the nip roller is substantially colorless, while the remaining part of the fabric takes on the shade of color that the same dyestuff would impart to unheated weighted cellulose acetate.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of our invention.

Having described our invention, what we desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises subjecting weighted textile materials containing filaments of an organic derivative of cellulose to a local dry heat treatment at a temperature above the fusing temperature of the organic derivative of cellulose, said temperature falling within the temperature range of 210 to 310 C., for a period of time which is insufficient to cause the filaments to fuse together but which is sufiicient to reduce the dye ailinity of the organic derivative of cellulose, whereby there is produced a material which, when dyed, exhibits colored pattern eifects by virtue of the reduced dye affinity of the heat-treated portions.

2. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises subjecting weighted textile materials containing filaments of cellulose acetate to a local dry heat treatment at a temperature above the fusing temperature of the cellulose acetate, said temperature falling within the temperature range of 210 to 310 C., for a period of time which is insuflicient to cause the filaments to fuse together but which is suflicient to reduce the dye affinity of the cellulose acetate, whereby there is produced a material which, when dyed, exhibits colored pattern effects by virtue of the reduced dye affinity of the heat-treated portions.

3. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises subjecting weighted textile materials containing filaments of an organic derivative of cellulose to a dry heat treatment, in a pattern,,at a temperature above the fusing temperature of the organic derivative of cellulose, said temperature falling within the temperature range of 210 to 310 C., for a period of time which is insufllcient to cause the filaments to fuse together but which is sumcient to reduce the dye afllnity of the organic derivative of cellulose, whereby there is produced a material which, when dyed, exhibits colored pattern effects by virtue of the reduced dye amnity of the heat-treated portions fuse together but which is suflicient to reduce the dye affinity of the organic derivative of cellulose, whereby there is produced a material which, when dyed, exhibits colored pattern efiects by virtue of the reduced dye afiinity of the heattreated portions.

5. Process for the production of textile materials ofimproved properties, which comprises subjecting weighted textile materials containing filaments of cellulose acetate to a differential heat treatment with dry heat, in-a pattern, at a temperature above the fusing temperature of the cellulose acetate, said temperature falling within the temperature range of 210 to 310 C., for a period of time which is insuflicient to cause the filaments to fuse together but which is sufflcient a to reduce-the dye amnityof the cellulose acetate,

whereby there is produced a material which, when dyed, exhibits colored pattern effects by virtue of the reduced dye amnity of the heat treated portions.

6. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises subjecting materials, containing filaments of cellulose acetate weighted with from 10 to 20% of a metallic weighting compound, to a dry heat treat-' ment, in a pattern, at a temperature above, the fusing temperature of the cellulose acetate, said temperature falling within the temperature range of 210 to 310 C., for a period of time which is insufi'icient to cause the filaments to fuse together but which is sufflcient to reduce the dye afiinity of thecellulose acetate, whereby there is produced a material which, when dyed, exhibits colored pattern effects by virtue of the reduced dye aflinity of the heat-treated portions.

- '7. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises subjecting weighted textilematerials containing filaments of cellulose acetate to a dry heat treatment, in a pattern, at a temperature above the fusing temperature of the'cellulose acetate, said temperature falling within the temperature range of 210 to 310 0., for a period of time which is insuflicient to cause the filaments to fuse together but which is sufficient to reduce the dye aflinity of the cellulose acetate, and dyeing the so-treated textile material, whereby there is produced a material'which exhibits colored pattern effects by virtue of the reduced dye aflinity of the heattreated portions.

8. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises subjecting portions. of yarn containing weighted filaments of cellulose acetate to a dry heat treatment at a'temperature above the fusing temperature of the cellulose acetate, said temperature the yarn.

9. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties," which comprises subjecting portions of yarn containing weighted filaments of cellulose acetate to a dry' heat treatment at a temperature above the fusing temperature of the cellulose acetate, said temperature falling within the temperature range of 210 to 310 C., for a period of time which is insuflicient to cause the filaments'to fuse together but which is sufllcient to reduce the dye aflinity of the cellulose acetate whereby there is produced a yarn which when combined with other yarns and dyed, produces differential colored effects by virtue of the reduced dye. afflnity of the heat-treated portions.

, CAMILLE DREYFUS.

HERBERT PLA'I'I.

ARTHUR LYEM. 

